Stylistic Analysis To--- by Peter Shelley - 1649 Words

Language through Poetry: A Stylistic Analysis of Percy Bysshe Shelley’s â€Å"To ---â€Å" A Stylistic Paper Presented to The Faculty of the Department of English Institute of Arts and Sciences Far Eastern University Manila In Partial Fulfillment Of the Requirement for the Course Eng C 31—Introduction to Stylistics Osabel, Julla C. Panis, Kimberly Nicole S. October, 2012 I. Reaction and it’s effects on you II. Summary of the Text Percy Bysshe Shelley’s â€Å"To ---â€Å" is one of his lyrical poetry—is a poem used to express feelings—ideally of the Romantic Era. In his poem, the poem is about an unrequited love—a term that is used when one person has strong feelings towards another that is not reciprocated. Or in†¦show more content†¦7. Repetition is anything that is repeated. e.g â€Å"goodnight goodnight, parting time is such a sweet sorrow that I shall say goodnight till it be morrow† --- Romeo and Juliet, W.Shakespeare These sounds or elements of sounds are used by the poets to convey the meaning of the text. In this procedure, the poet or author strengthen the vividness of the imagery of the poem to discern its effects or significance of the text. Sound Symbolism Sound symbolism is the study of the direct relationship between the sound of an utterance and its meaning (Hinton, 1999). Sound symbolism is persistent among the world’s languages. Furthermore, sound symbolism plays a significant role in language, especially at the affective level. Essential to the study of cognitive poetics is the concept of sound symbolism, which has been defined differently by different authors but here refers to cases in which ‘a sound unit such as a phoneme, syllable, feature, or tone is said to go beyond its linguistic function as a contrastive, non-meaning-bearing unit, to directly express some kind of meaning’ (Nuckolls,1999). Jespersen (1922) made the claims that sounds that are suggestive of meaning (which he claims happens through association, not because a sound intrinsically has a specific meaning) ‘makes words more fit to survive and give them considerable help in their struggle for existence’. Mithun (19 82) notes that, in manyShow MoreRelated Gender Inequality: Sex Discrimination in Employment Essay1617 Words   |  7 Pages2009). There is growing evidence in research that gender differences rely greatly on the cultural system of interaction (Ridgeway, 1997). â€Å"Biological gender, activities and interests, personal-social attributes, gender-based social relationships, stylistic and symbolic content, and gender-related values† all contribute to our segregation of gender roles starting at a young age and continuing throughout the life span (Best, 2009). â€Å"Children are able to identify feminine and masculine categories, similarRead MoreStylistic Potential of the English Noun16714 Words   |  67 PagesSTYLISTIC POTENTIAL OF THE ENGLISH NOUN Table of Contents Introduction -3 Chapter One. Stylistic resources of grammatical units on the basis of the English Noun -6 1.1 Functions of the language and connotative meanings -7 1.2 Grammatical Stylistics and Stylistic Grammar -9 1.3 The meaning of the grammatical form -10 1.4 Noun in different functional styles -10 1.5 Stylistic potential of the English noun -11 1.5.1 Stylistic

Relationship Between Capita And College Graduation Rate

I have chosen to compare the relationship between average life expectancy, per capita personal income, and college graduation rate by state in 2010. I intend to prove that average life expectancy by state, the dependent variable, will either positively or negatively correlate with income and college graduation rate, the independent variables. The null hypothesis (H0) for my independent variables is that there will be absolutely no relationship between income or college graduation rate and average life expectancy. On the other hand, the alternative hypothesis (Ha) for each independent variable will be that income and college graduation rate do relate to average life expectancy. As for the background of my topic, I chose to test these†¦show more content†¦Kaiser Family Foundation website in the State Health Facts section on Life Expectancy at Birth (in years). This information was given for the 2010 time frame for all states in the United States. For per capita personal income by state, I gathered my data from a table from the Bureau of Business Economic Research website looking only at the 2010 column. For college graduation rate by state, I utilized the U.S. Department of Education website article New State-by-State College Attainment Numbers Show Progress Toward 2020 Goal. The information I used came from percentages in the table inside the article under the column â€Å"Graduates as of 2010†. Based on the variables that I chose to test, I expect that per capita personal income will be more closely related to my dependent variable, average life expectancy, than college graduation rate for the year 2010. Higher income tends to allow for people to purchase the higher-end health or medical products necessary for longevity and better health. In my opinion, college graduation rate influences a person’s personal income that then influences life expectancy – a secondary piece of the correlation. The Excel Regression tool built a linear model using my data and variables to produce a summary output of my regression analysis. My equation provided by my Excel regression model can be written as Y=74.7255954+(-0.0000309729)X1+(12.95779303)X2+ÃŽ µ. This may seem difficult to understand so let me break it down. The regular

Joe Jonas by Jonas Brothers free essay sample

Joseph Adam Jonas (also know as Joe from the band the Jonas Brothers) grew up in Wyckoff New Jersey and was born on August 15th, 1989. He started having a passion for music when he was a toddler, but began performing in his mid-teens. Him and his band, the Jonas Brothers, sing pop music and have their own TV show called JONAS on Disney Channel. My favorite music artist is Joe Jonas because he writes his own songs with his band, he can play a variety of instruments, and he always spares other peoples’ feelings. He is very successful because of the nice sound he makes and the audience he puts in awe. Joe is able to dance, and he displays his talents on stage and in music videos. He does not have a back-up dancer or singer because he and his brothers put on quite a show! Joe sings â€Å"Love Bug,† and it is from his band’s CD, â€Å"A Little Bit Longer,† which he recorded in his tour bus which he describes as, â€Å"The biggest recording studio on wheels we’ve ever seen. We will write a custom essay sample on Joe Jonas by Jonas Brothers or any similar topic specifically for you Do Not WasteYour Time HIRE WRITER Only 13.90 / page † â€Å"A Little Bit Longer† is also their latest album that includes the songs: BB Good, Burnin’ Up, Shelf, One Man Show, Love Bug, Tonight, Can’t Have You, Video Girl, Pushin’ Me Away, and Sorry. Nick, his brother and band member who play the guitar, piano, percussion, and sings, composed that song. I enjoy listening to this song because it goes from really serene to a very swift tempo.

The characters and plot of Frankenstein reflect Shelleys conflicted feelings about the masculine circle which surrounded her Essay Example For Students

The characters and plot of Frankenstein reflect Shelleys conflicted feelings about the masculine circle which surrounded her Essay Shelley began writing Frankenstein in the company of what has been called her male coterie, including her lover Percy Shelley, Lord Byron and his physician John Polidori. It has been suggested that the influence of this group, and particularly that of Shelley and Byron, affected her portrayal of male characters in the novel. As Ann Campbell writes: characters and plot of Frankenstein reflect . . . Shelleys conflicted feelings about the masculine circle which surrounded her. Certainly the male characters in Frankenstein are more developed that those of the females. Elizabeth Fay has suggested that the female characters are idealised figures in much of Shelleys work, particularly in the descriptions of Caroline and Elizabeth, the two mother figures in the novel. Caroline is, on surface value, a perfect parent, together with her husband, which renders Victors irresponsibility in abandoning the creature more unforgivable. She possessed a mind of uncommon mould which was also soft and benevolent; she is compared to a fair exotic flower which is sheltered by Alphonse; she drew inexhaustible stores of affection from a very mine of love to bestow on Victor, and her tender caresses are some of his first recollections. She is the idealised mother, a figure that Shelley viewed wistfully, as her own mother died when she was ten days old to be replaced by a disinterested stepmother. We will write a custom essay on The characters and plot of Frankenstein reflect Shelleys conflicted feelings about the masculine circle which surrounded her specifically for you for only $16.38 $13.9/page Order now Carolines parenting provides the care that Frankenstein might well have lacked, had he been left to his father alone à ¢Ã¢â€š ¬Ã¢â‚¬Å" his father dismisses Agrippas work without explanation, thereby setting Victor on his course towards destruction. This is the first introduction of a theme that continues throughout the book, that of the necessity for female figures in parenting and in society. Without a mother figure and left only with Frankenstein who subsumes both parental roles, the creatures life is blighted by his imperfection and lack of companionship. However, Caroline is also the trigger to Alfonses chivalry, thus presenting him in an improved light and allowing his character to develop at the expense of her own weakness. This is a feminist comment from Shelley, whose mother Mary Wollenstonecraft was a notorious feminist and an important influence. Justine, too, is an idealised figure, described during the trial as having a countenance which, always engaging, was rendered, by the solemnity of her feelings, exquisitely beautiful. She is the archetypal innocent, being beautiful, weak and entirely accepting of her fate to the point of martyrdom. She would doubtless incense feminists now, accepting death with equanimity I am resigned to the fate awaiting me at the hands of misjudging and dominant men. She is a somewhat two-dimensional character, being compliant in all things, enduring the mistreatment by her mother and not objecting to the injustice of her condemnation. In this sense she serves merely as a plot device, used to introduce the evil of the creature and to show Frankensteins cowardice in refusing to defend her in time. Here she is another feminine figure used to   further a male characters development, just as Caroline was used to develop the character of Alfonse. She is also a vehicle for Shelleys attack on the contemporary judiciary system, which explains her name. The character of Safie is used by Shelley as a direct attack on sexism. Safie is a stronger character than the other women in the novel, as she defies her father in escaping to join Felix. Shelley comments upon the state of bondage inflicted on females in Islamic society at the time, which Safie objects to, encouraged to aspire to the higher powers of intellect, and an independence of spirit by her mother. Shelley, in applauding this determination and self-respect on the part of women, is condemning a society which oppresses females and upholds males as superior. However, Safie is not merely used for this; she is also presented as a contrast to the creature, who is similarly separated from the De Laceys by a language barrier, but who can never be accepted by them because he lacks her angelic beauty. She is an example of mans intolerance towards ugliness, as her beauty transcends the barrier of language whereas the creatures benevolence cannot. .ucb78a0fdbff5a8c04c3e2800aff7d9eb , .ucb78a0fdbff5a8c04c3e2800aff7d9eb .postImageUrl , .ucb78a0fdbff5a8c04c3e2800aff7d9eb .centered-text-area { min-height: 80px; position: relative; } .ucb78a0fdbff5a8c04c3e2800aff7d9eb , .ucb78a0fdbff5a8c04c3e2800aff7d9eb:hover , .ucb78a0fdbff5a8c04c3e2800aff7d9eb:visited , .ucb78a0fdbff5a8c04c3e2800aff7d9eb:active { border:0!important; } .ucb78a0fdbff5a8c04c3e2800aff7d9eb .clearfix:after { content: ""; display: table; clear: both; } .ucb78a0fdbff5a8c04c3e2800aff7d9eb { display: block; transition: background-color 250ms; webkit-transition: background-color 250ms; width: 100%; opacity: 1; transition: opacity 250ms; webkit-transition: opacity 250ms; background-color: #95A5A6; } .ucb78a0fdbff5a8c04c3e2800aff7d9eb:active , .ucb78a0fdbff5a8c04c3e2800aff7d9eb:hover { opacity: 1; transition: opacity 250ms; webkit-transition: opacity 250ms; background-color: #2C3E50; } .ucb78a0fdbff5a8c04c3e2800aff7d9eb .centered-text-area { width: 100%; position: relative ; } .ucb78a0fdbff5a8c04c3e2800aff7d9eb .ctaText { border-bottom: 0 solid #fff; color: #2980B9; font-size: 16px; font-weight: bold; margin: 0; padding: 0; text-decoration: underline; } .ucb78a0fdbff5a8c04c3e2800aff7d9eb .postTitle { color: #FFFFFF; font-size: 16px; font-weight: 600; margin: 0; padding: 0; width: 100%; } .ucb78a0fdbff5a8c04c3e2800aff7d9eb .ctaButton { background-color: #7F8C8D!important; color: #2980B9; border: none; border-radius: 3px; box-shadow: none; font-size: 14px; font-weight: bold; line-height: 26px; moz-border-radius: 3px; text-align: center; text-decoration: none; text-shadow: none; width: 80px; min-height: 80px; background: url(https://artscolumbia.org/wp-content/plugins/intelly-related-posts/assets/images/simple-arrow.png)no-repeat; position: absolute; right: 0; top: 0; } .ucb78a0fdbff5a8c04c3e2800aff7d9eb:hover .ctaButton { background-color: #34495E!important; } .ucb78a0fdbff5a8c04c3e2800aff7d9eb .centered-text { display: table; height: 80px; padding-left : 18px; top: 0; } .ucb78a0fdbff5a8c04c3e2800aff7d9eb .ucb78a0fdbff5a8c04c3e2800aff7d9eb-content { display: table-cell; margin: 0; padding: 0; padding-right: 108px; position: relative; vertical-align: middle; width: 100%; } .ucb78a0fdbff5a8c04c3e2800aff7d9eb:after { content: ""; display: block; clear: both; } READ: To Be Or Not To Be, Innit EssayElizabeth is the most idealised figure of all the women in the novel, afforded the following romantic description: The saintly soul of Elizabeth shone like a shrine-dedicated lamp in our peaceful home . . . her smile, her soft voice, the sweet glance of her celestial eyes, were ever there to bless and animate us. She was the living spirit of love to soften and attract. She is here made to transcend ordinary mortality to become celestial and saintly. This makes her death more appalling and triggers Victors active fury, whereas the suffering of the innocent Justine did not. The base murder of the living spirit of love can be said to be the creatures revenge against humankind, as the killing of something so natural and integral to humanity kills happiness with it. But whilst Elizabeth is assigned this pivotal role in the novel, she is in herself two-dimensional as a character, having no friends outside of the family and no interests save trifling occupations within the household. She is content to wait for Victor, despite his long absences and frequent and serious depressions. She is the idealised woman at the time of the novels setting, being submissive, supportive and beautiful. However, the character of Elizabeth can also serve a further purpose. It has been argued by several critics that Elizabeth is the creatures opposite, that she and he together make up Victor. She is his good half and the creature his bad. Both characters are orphans and heavily dependent on Victor. Elizabeth is beautiful, good and female, whereas the creature is ugly, evil and male. The blending of the two create Victor, who has robbed himself of gender by assuming both parental roles. It has been suggested by one critic that Victor has feminine characteristics, being sensitive, passionate about literature . . . and becom enamoured with voice and feelings. This theory can be supported, in that Victor attributes to Elizabeth the ability to subdue to a semblance of her own gentleness. By contrast, the creature unfailingly enrages Victor, causing him to lose self-control and become violent. Whilst the feminine roles are flat and manipulated to affect the character and actions of the male roles, the latter are considerably more defined. As Elizabeth Fay writes, Shelley shows the realistic weaknesses and frailties of men in the novel. Walton is presented as sexist and selfish, mocking his sisters fears for his safety in his opening sentence: You will rejoice to hear that no disaster has accompanied the commencement of an enterprise which you have regarded with such evil forebodings. Margaret is an unsatisfactory audience, as he desires a companion whose eyes would reply to . This companion must necessarily be male, for how could a female possibly communicate adequately with him? However, despite this wish for male companionship, Walton possesses certain feminine characteristics, such as his distaste for violence: . . . my best years spent under your gentle and feminine fosterage, has so refined the groundwork of my character that I cannot overcome an intense distaste to the usual brutality exercised on board ship. He writes adoringly of the strangers conciliating and gentle manners, unparalleled eloquence, nobility and cultivated mind. Waltons ambition to discover uncharted territories is arrogant, as he desires to acquire dominion . . . over the elemental foes of our race. He craves idolatry and power. Shelley introduces this here so that Waltons later failure towards the close of the novel is celebrated by the reader, who has understood that Victors arrogance has caused devastation, whereas Walton has paid little heed and is bitter in his failure. Shelley is commenting on the stupidity of male hubris, which she sensed in the scientific ambitions of Romantics such as her husband, as the critic James W. Maerten has suggested. Maerten writes also of Anthony Easthope, who has drawn: a circular fortress as a model of the . . . masculine ego. Ego . . . is entrapped in its own defences, unable to escape the barriers it has raised against a universe an enemy . . . The most praised . . . in our civilisation are those who can contain and control the most monstrous powers: biological pathogens, nuclear fission, toxic waste, vast armies. .uc77b0eff2f9c2f0d60c8fbaff24d457c , .uc77b0eff2f9c2f0d60c8fbaff24d457c .postImageUrl , .uc77b0eff2f9c2f0d60c8fbaff24d457c .centered-text-area { min-height: 80px; position: relative; } .uc77b0eff2f9c2f0d60c8fbaff24d457c , .uc77b0eff2f9c2f0d60c8fbaff24d457c:hover , .uc77b0eff2f9c2f0d60c8fbaff24d457c:visited , .uc77b0eff2f9c2f0d60c8fbaff24d457c:active { border:0!important; } .uc77b0eff2f9c2f0d60c8fbaff24d457c .clearfix:after { content: ""; display: table; clear: both; } .uc77b0eff2f9c2f0d60c8fbaff24d457c { display: block; transition: background-color 250ms; webkit-transition: background-color 250ms; width: 100%; opacity: 1; transition: opacity 250ms; webkit-transition: opacity 250ms; background-color: #95A5A6; } .uc77b0eff2f9c2f0d60c8fbaff24d457c:active , .uc77b0eff2f9c2f0d60c8fbaff24d457c:hover { opacity: 1; transition: opacity 250ms; webkit-transition: opacity 250ms; background-color: #2C3E50; } .uc77b0eff2f9c2f0d60c8fbaff24d457c .centered-text-area { width: 100%; position: relative ; } .uc77b0eff2f9c2f0d60c8fbaff24d457c .ctaText { border-bottom: 0 solid #fff; color: #2980B9; font-size: 16px; font-weight: bold; margin: 0; padding: 0; text-decoration: underline; } .uc77b0eff2f9c2f0d60c8fbaff24d457c .postTitle { color: #FFFFFF; font-size: 16px; font-weight: 600; margin: 0; padding: 0; width: 100%; } .uc77b0eff2f9c2f0d60c8fbaff24d457c .ctaButton { background-color: #7F8C8D!important; color: #2980B9; border: none; border-radius: 3px; box-shadow: none; font-size: 14px; font-weight: bold; line-height: 26px; moz-border-radius: 3px; text-align: center; text-decoration: none; text-shadow: none; width: 80px; min-height: 80px; background: url(https://artscolumbia.org/wp-content/plugins/intelly-related-posts/assets/images/simple-arrow.png)no-repeat; position: absolute; right: 0; top: 0; } .uc77b0eff2f9c2f0d60c8fbaff24d457c:hover .ctaButton { background-color: #34495E!important; } .uc77b0eff2f9c2f0d60c8fbaff24d457c .centered-text { display: table; height: 80px; padding-left : 18px; top: 0; } .uc77b0eff2f9c2f0d60c8fbaff24d457c .uc77b0eff2f9c2f0d60c8fbaff24d457c-content { display: table-cell; margin: 0; padding: 0; padding-right: 108px; position: relative; vertical-align: middle; width: 100%; } .uc77b0eff2f9c2f0d60c8fbaff24d457c:after { content: ""; display: block; clear: both; } READ: Irony: incongruity between the actual result of a sequence of events and the expected results EssaySuch Promethean desires are ultimately the illusions of Icarus. Victors ego causes him to desire a new species which would bless as its creator and source. He cannot control the monster that he creates, thereby losing his essential masculinity. His attempt to defy Nature and steal Gods power for himself is as fatal as Icarus stupidity in trying to do what man cannot. This male arrogance is introduced by Alphonse, who assumes the care of Caroline and renders her submissive in gratitude. The blatancy of the strong male and weak female roles here has been condemned by some, who suggest that the imposition of a male role on Victor is a form of filicide. This is responsible for his insecurity which in turn leads to his overreaching ego inflation. A critic has argued that: Victor Frankenstein is compulsively self-destructive, driven by forces he cannot recognise to create a son by his own efforts and without the troublesome involvement of a woman . . . he is horrified . . . nd rejects the creature totally, thereby turning the son into the very monster whose existence he has always denied in himself. It is possible to corroborate this view to some extent, as Victors feminine qualities conflict with his identity as a man. Shelley was concerned with the issue of gender, as in her novel The Last Man she created an essentially genderless character, Lionel Verney, and discussed how he only acknowledged his gender when he viewed himself in a mirror. His reflection told him that he was an English gentleman, but without this empirical perception he had no such identity. Elizabeth Fay writes of him that he is a feminised ideal, combining masculine and feminine traits in such a way as to confute traditional notions of gender. Robert W. Anderson writes that: Frankensteins creature embodies gender transgression on two levels . . . the first being status as being a surgically constructed male, the second being Victors non-gender transgression in co-opting the female trait of reproduction, transforming his laboratory into a virtual womb. The creature has no real gender, despite being created physically as a male. He is denied male dominance over females by Victor, who has made him too ugly to be accepted into human society and then destroys the female mate that he had partially made for him. The creature, like Victor, has feminine characteristics, being profoundly affected by literature and nature, and being sensitive to emotion. He is made male only so that there can be no sexual overtones in the relationship between himself and Victor, and the battle between them can be physical and violent as well as rhetorical. The absence of femininity in the making of the creature is its integral flaw. Despite all of Victors efforts to make the creature perfect, it will ultimately be ugly, because it is unnatural for a male alone to reproduce. Beauty cannot result of only masculinity. Shelley is condemning a single father in this. The death of her mother left her to the care of her father, whom she adored. He often neglected her, leaving her feeling unwanted. The lack of grief on the part of her husband as their babies died augmented this conviction in mens inability to care for children alone. This reinforces her message throughout the novel of the necessity for women in society. Shelley was forced to ask her husband to claim to be the author of the novel, as women were not accepted as writers at the time. Men alone in science and education are fallible, as she suggested in making Frankensteins experiment so disastrous. Therefore the oppression of women at the time was irrational and arrogant. Frankenstein represents flawed masculinity, as an example of a society without women. Shelley manipulated masculine and feminine gender identities in her novel to try and persuade her audience that men alone cannot create, whether it be children or art.

Sir Robert Peel essays

Sir Robert Peel essays Sir Robert Peel is probably the most influential name associated with modern day policing. In the year of 1829, he formed the first modern metropolitan police department. And the Peelers, or Bobbies, set precedent for what our police of today model themselves after. Upon Peels call for a metropolitan police department, he set up principles, which are called Peels Principles of Law Enforcement. These nine principles set up what he envisioned the metropolitan police to stand for. He wanted the police to stand by these principles and mold themselves to the conformity of the nine principles. In reviewing Peels Principles of Law Enforcement, the first principle listed states, The basic mission for which the police exist is to prevent crime and disorder as an alternative to the repression of crime and disorder by military force and severity of legal punishment. This principle basically means that the police are in place to prevent crime from happening with the use of military style enforcement, and to punish such criminals swiftly and severely by legal means. This relates to community policing today in that the police are in place to curb criminal behavior and maintain order in the community. The second principle states, The ability of the police to perform their duties is dependent upon public approval of police existence, actions, behavior, and the ability of the police to secure and maintain public respect. This principle relates to community policing in that in order for the police today to be fully effective, they must become proactive in the community. If the community doesnt support the police, they arent going to be as effective. So by the police becoming more visible in the community and interacting with residents within the community, the police effectiveness becomes much more visible as well. The third principle states, The...

Advertisement involves communication to a target market Essay Example

Advertisement involves communication to a target market Essay Example Advertisement involves communication to a target market Essay Advertisement involves communication to a target market Essay Advertisement involves communication to a target market. The intension is to attract the target market, primarily to the advertisement, then ether to the product, or the through the context of the advertisement to the product. Their intension is to pursued through the point of contact between commercial interests and the audience as consumers of products and services. Although it is important to remember that that there are constrains to advertising, for example certain products and services may not be advertised religions and doctors and fortune tellers, cigarettes and other tobacco products. Alcohol may not be glamorised for youth audiences. The National Lottery, slimming products and alcohol products may not be advertised around childrens programmes. The advertising of womens sanitary products is not permitted until after 9.00 p.m. Although small aspects, rules like these ethical constrains appear obvious. Using them as an example it is easy to see the ever-changing environments that advertisers have to navigate. Advertising is directed at mass audiences, so to be tasteful and descent appropriate in any work done. Advertising is very similar to television, and other programmes; * Comes out of the same production base, technologies and production practices. * Has the same basic narrative structures, but compressed. * Uses genre material as a point of recognition and attraction for the audience * Makes interstitial references to other television material * Uses television performers (and their voices) whom we know from other programmes. * Creates its own stars and popular series. General, and obvious key areas adverts want to achieve: (*The connotation strategic methods) * Persuasion An advert communicates, and attempts to win over the audience. *Persuasion:- It is illegal and sinful to use subliminal messaging * Justification The above persuasion would not be possible with out justification Advertisers use special tools in there advertisements to avoid problems such as ethical complaints, taste and decency ect (above). Tabaco companies such as Marlboro use hidden and covert messaging to avoid such regulations. Fear and emotion are the main aspects advertisers try to tap. In this tool box aspects such as the following help towards a direct approach at communicating with audiences;- Surrealism/ inversion *See Orange mobile phone advertisement (*currently showing 11/04/02). There is a man who is on his way somewhere (not specified) and keeps meeting people he knows. The orange phrase is; connecting people; the man must represent the (advert directed) orange philosophy, demonstrated as lots of people waving, saying hello, where he replies. This approach is very surreal, this man appears to know every person he walks by, but is conducted in a very natural manor, expressing an un-real environment. In an attempt to express the communication aspects of him, appealing to feelings such as recognition, social achievement ect. Endorsement This comes in the form of celebrities, or presenters appealing to audiences emotions involved in a range of representations. I.e. health, social direction, lifestyle, point of sale ect. A good example of popular endorsement would be the use of sporting personalities to endorse products. *See Nestle Sporties, this commercial used Mike Own a well-known footballer to been seen eating the product. This would entice fans of this player to eat the breakfast cereal he does. Endorsement around the identity of the product, can be seen with release of Lucozade Sport, where the product endorses the Sport image, inventing slogans and ideas, such as energy replenishment, leading to express a statistic stating 33% more energy from lucazade than standard pop drinks (I think it must be packed with more sugar than the other drinks). Concern of Compassion This strategy is used widely in the cosmetics industry. Where the common form of advertisement is to use and portray perfect models, or perfect beauty to express youthfulness. Or in charity advertisements of i.e. third world countries or RSPCA adverts, where an audience have concern and compassion over an example of poor, or needful persons. From what small donations would make large differences. Concern of compassion on a more overt level can be seen in such advertisements for cleaning adverts. I.e. The advert demonstrates to the mother that she should clean the kitchen surfaces to stop germs breading. Depictions of the child playing on the floor, with reassured looks demonstrate to audience that this is the right way to clean, and she uses Flash to do it with, the right choice of cleaning product. Politics: This can benefit and obstruct advertisers. Obviously advertisers need to work in the conjunction of rules and regulations, but can also feed off any political headlines at that time. With out reference; politics can benefit an advert on many levels. Whether that would be from such things as tax, or political issues ect. (i.e. foot and mouth, tourism industries). Physical techniques: Repetition; is used to remind audiences of the advert/ product, service. Steady repetition is used regularly in advertisement Advertising relies just as much on visual appearance as the overt connotations; (*denotation) Content of the advertisement: Strategies Companies develop strategies to assist them in meeting their objectives. The types of strategy which might be identified in terms of advertising could include: * Identifying the benefit being offered to the consumer by the organisation or its products/ services. * Putting forward an argument to help to sell the product * Identifying to whom the argument is being aimed * Being able to convince the target audience to believe the message Product-Oriented Strategies These strategies relate specifically to the product itself, i.e.: * Generic strategies Sell the category of product, e.g. slimming drinks, toilet roll, trainers. They do not sell the actual brand, e.g. Heinz Baked Beans. Generic clams relate to the highlighting of a particular benefit of a product, i.e. quick effective relief from indigestion, clean Wights etc. Some advertisers highlight this kind of generic claim and then relate their particular brand to that claim to gain a cumulative benefit. * Features of the product Highlighted in an attempt to appeal to the individuals reason. The advertiser attempts to suggest that the logical choice would be their particular brand in preference to others. This is an effective approach if the advertiser is attempting to gain distinction for his or her brand. * Positioning Strategies This strategy attempts to carve out a desired and very distinct market niche. The idea of positioning was developed by Trout Ries. Consumers tend to place products into a hierarchy, and the positioning is about where in that hierarchy the advertisers brand appears. Coca Colas campaigns Coke is it and the real thing were an attempt to position the product as the authentic cola drink. Pepsi on the other hand attempted to reposition Coke Cola by suggesting that it was a drink for older people, with the campaign The choice of a new generation. This type of strategy works well for new products. Questions that need to be addressed in terms of positioning are: * What the brands present position in the market? * Where are your competitors placed in the market? * Does the company wish to reposition its present position in some way? * What type of advertising approach could we use? * USP The unique selling proposition will depend upon the culture of the company and its approach to advertising. Every companys ultimate aim is to create an idea, which will result in the sale of the companys product/ service. The USP was a philosophy developed by Rosser Reeves. It suggests that every product/ service has characteristics that make it unique at its level. Preferably, these characteristics should be a major feature of the product, thereby making the brand superior to others. A slogan like Guinness is good for you is a unique-selling-proposition statement. A unique selling proposition based on a physical characteristic limits potential, however, and could run into difficulty with strict advertising codes that now exist. The claim by Persil that it washes wighter is an example of such a proposition. All advertisements should, nevertheless, promote one specific benefit to the consumer. Consumer-Oriented Strategies These strategies are aimed at the consumer: * Brand image strategies These strategies attempt to give the brand a personality, and that personality- instead of any built-in or intrinsic features of the product is what is being sold. David Ogilvy is credited with developing the idea of a brand image in the 1950s for products like Schweppes. With Coca Cola and Pepsi we have two similar products which are differentiated by the way each brand is portrayed and communicated through advertising. This approach works well in a competitive market environment or where the product might be classed as a commodity, i.e. soap, beer etc. This type of advertising also works well for products which have obviouse social identities, i.e. cars. Products which are invisible, i.e. cleaning products or food products stored in cupboards, are also sold by using the brand image approach.

On the sources of international investment law Essay

On the sources of international investment law - Essay Example And it is in this course that we are to understand economic movements in China today. The "People's Republic of China (PRC) is the world's largest market, with a population of 1.3 billion people and an area about 9,600,000 square kilometers in the southeastern Eurasian continent." 2 Being such, it is no wonder that foreign investors are really gunning to do business with her. Thus, the 1978 Third Plenum of the Eleventh Party Central Committee that discarded the slogan "Take class struggle as the key link" and in its place embraced a shift to socialist modernization that entailed "economic and technical cooperation with other countries"3 has been welcomed with great enthusiasm by foreign investors. In fact, this " open door policy has been successful in attracting foreign direct investment (fdi)"4 thereby, making China a "new economic power"5 to reckon with. And everything is no easy task. ... "Hong Kong provides nearly "60 percent of cumulative FDI, its precise contribution is complicated by round tripping and the routing of FDI from many other countries via Hong Kong, especially overseas Chinese from Hong Kong, Taiwan, and South East Asia. Being such, the important role of Hong Kong in the international trade and foreign investments of China is something that cannot be relegated in the periphery of the economic reforms and development of China. The status of international trade in China is a result of China's embarking on liberalization coupled with reforms in exchange rates and prices plus decentralization of power. These reforms are made feasible because the government of China has seen that some socialist principles are no longer suitable in meeting the needs of the people. In fact, the restructuring that the Chinese government is working on is geared towards creating a more viable Chinese economy that has for its aim satisfying peoples needs. But all of these arrived only after China has seen the factors that lead her to her own stagnation in terms of economic development. Eight points6 are raised as the root causes of China's economic retardation. And these are first is the blind adherence to high targets in production and construction with out properly attending to economic results. Second, is the investment on heavy industry so much so that agriculture and light industries are relegated to the periphery of the econom y. Third is the focus on new enterprises and capitals while existing enterprises are given minimal support and attention. Fourth, is overemphasis on the output of primary and intermediate products instead of giving attention to production of